tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-87385277405942559902024-03-08T09:17:31.750-08:00Μαθηματικοί και άλλοιsotirishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02913491613154020052noreply@blogger.comBlogger31125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8738527740594255990.post-59256495113682072012022-10-29T13:35:00.001-07:002022-10-29T13:35:06.838-07:00 Ιστοσελίδα Δημήτρη Ντρίζου Μαθηματικού και Σχολικού Συμβούλου Μαθηματικών Τρικάλων<p><a href="https://weblinksgr.blogspot.com/2022/10/blog-post.html">Iστοσελίδες Χρήσιμες και ενδιαφέρουσες - blogs - weblinks - ταξινομημένες: Ιστοσελίδα Δημήτρη Ντρίζου Μαθηματικού και Σχολικού Συμβούλου Μαθηματικών Τρικάλων</a></p><p> </p><p><a href="https://srv-dide.tri.sch.gr/sxsymboyloi/?page_id=6" target="_blank">https://srv-dide.tri.sch.gr/sxsymboyloi/?page_id=6 </a><br /></p>sotirishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02913491613154020052noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8738527740594255990.post-74191035659843531082022-08-28T13:38:00.003-07:002022-08-28T13:38:42.334-07:00Στον μαθηματικό Barry Mazur το “Μετάλλιο Chern”<p class="post-details">Αναρτήθηκε σε 21 Ιουλίου, 2022 κατηγορία: <a href="https://thalesandfriends.org/el/category/eidiseis/" rel="category tag">Ειδήσεις</a> | Tags: <a href="https://thalesandfriends.org/el/tag/barry-mazur/" rel="tag">Barry Mazur</a>, <a href="https://thalesandfriends.org/el/tag/m%ce%b1%ce%b8%ce%b7%ce%bc%ce%b1%cf%84%ce%b9%ce%ba%ce%ac/" rel="tag">Mαθηματικά</a>, <a href="https://thalesandfriends.org/el/tag/%ce%b2%cf%81%ce%ac%ce%b2%ce%b5%cf%85%cf%83%ce%b7/" rel="tag">Βράβευση</a>, <a href="https://thalesandfriends.org/el/tag/%ce%b5%ce%ba%cf%80%ce%b1%ce%af%ce%b4%ce%b5%cf%85%cf%83%ce%b7/" rel="tag">εκπαίδευση</a>, <a href="https://thalesandfriends.org/el/tag/%ce%b5%cf%80%ce%b9%cf%83%cf%84%ce%ae%ce%bc%ce%b7/" rel="tag">Επιστήμη</a>, <a href="https://thalesandfriends.org/el/tag/%ce%b9%ce%b4%ce%ad%ce%b5%cf%82/" rel="tag">Ιδέες</a></p><p class="post-details">Ολόκληρο το άρθρο στο <a href="https://thalesandfriends.org/el/2022/07/21/ston-mathimatiko-barry-mazur-to-metallio-chern/?fbclid=IwAR2D9-UzMLlvGN8LNY-wrl-JZFhiWug4xTK3wAqqW2JAmGQKrASA4RMfPTk" target="_blank">ΘΑΛΗΣ ΚΑΙ ΦΙΛΟΙ</a> <br /></p>
<p><em>Συντάκτης: Γιώργος Καρουζάκης</em></p>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_14867" style="width: 610px;"><img alt="" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-14867" class="wp-image-14867" height="600" src="https://thalesandfriends.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/c1.jpg" width="600" /><p class="wp-caption-text" id="caption-attachment-14867">Barry Mazur | Photo credit: Lance Murphey</p></div>
<p>Στη συνέχεια των δημοσιευμάτων που αφορούν τις κορυφαίες διακρίσεις
στον τομέα των μαθηματικών, και ανακοινώθηκαν πριν από λίγο καιρό στην
τελετή της Διεθνούς Μαθηματικής Ένωσης στο Ελσίνκι της Φινλανδίας,
αξίζει να αναφέρουμε τη σημαντική διάκριση που δόθηκε σε μία ξεχωριστή
προσωπικότητα της μαθηματικής επιστήμης. Πρόκειται για την απονομή του
φετινού <strong><em>Μεταλλίου Chern</em></strong> στον Αμερικανό μαθηματικό του Πανεπιστημίου του Χάρβαρντ, <strong>Barry</strong> <strong>Mazur</strong>. Το <em>Μετάλλιο Chern</em>
απονέμεται κάθε τέσσερα χρόνια στο διεθνές συνέδριο της ICM, «σε ένα
άτομο του οποίου τα εξέχοντα επιτεύγματα δικαιούνται το υψηλότερο
επίπεδο αναγνώρισης στον τομέα των μαθηματικών».</p>sotirishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02913491613154020052noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8738527740594255990.post-46948238467646593942022-04-26T10:07:00.004-07:002022-04-26T10:07:49.428-07:00Anuraag Bukkuri<p><a href="https://mathscinet.ams.org/mathscinet/mrauthorid/1387720">Anuraag Bukkuri</a>,
a PhD student in integrated mathematical oncology at the University of
South Florida and Moffitt Cancer Center, will be the 2022 AMS Mass Media
Fellow. He will spend 10 weeks this summer as a journalist for <a href="https://www.miamiherald.com/"><em>The Miami Herald</em></a>, reporting on science and related topics.</p>
<figure class="pull-left" style="margin-left: 10px; max-width: 240px;"><img alt="Anuraag Bukkuri" class="img-responsive" src="https://www.ams.org/images/Anuraag-Bukkuri-cr.jpg" />
<figcaption>Anuraag Bukkuri</figcaption>
Credit: Anuraag Bukkuri</figure>
<p>In his research, Bukkuri applies perspectives from mathematics,
ecology, evolution, and Earth history to cancer therapies. He studied
mathematics as an undergraduate at Dartmouth College and the University
of Minnesota. Growing up, he wrote short stories and poems, but his
interests in science and writing did not overlap at first.</p>
<p>"In more recent years is when I saw a big gap in the mathematical
field for bringing our ideas, our passion for math, [and] the
applications of math in the real world to the public,” Bukkuri said. In
an article <a href="https://theconversation.com/cancers-are-in-an-evolutionary-battle-with-treatments-evolutionary-game-theory-could-tip-the-advantage-to-medicine-170175">appearing in <em>The Conversation </em>last year</a>, he described how evolutionary game theory could improve cancer treatment.</p>
<p>COVID-19, climate change, rising sea levels, the Everglades—all these
scientific topics matter to the people of South Florida, Bukkuri said.
He is looking forward to talking with local experts and using his
training as a mathematician to write for <em>Herald</em> readers in a clear and methodical style.</p>
<p>Bukkuri is one of 28 fellows who will be embedded in newsrooms across
the country this summer. “To join this group of truly distinguished
people—not only in my cohort, but for decades—is truly an honor, and I
hope to be able to learn from everyone over the years to come." After
the fellowship, Bukkuri plans to pursue an academic research career
while continuing to write.</p>
<h4 style="padding-top: 15px;">About the Fellowship</h4>
<p>Organized by the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), the <a href="https://www.aaas.org/programs/mass-media-fellowship">Mass Media Science and Engineering Fellowship</a>
program improves public understanding of science and technology by
placing advanced undergraduate, graduate, and postgraduate science,
mathematics, and engineering students in media outlets nationwide.
Fellows work for 10 weeks over the summer as reporters, researchers, and
production assistants alongside media professionals to sharpen their
communication skills and increase their understanding of the editorial
process by which events and ideas become news. Now in its 47th year, the
fellowship program counts over 750 scientists and science communicators
as alumni. The AMS has sponsored a Mass Media Fellow most years since
1997.</p>
<p>Read more about <a href="https://www.aaas.org/news/2022-aaas-mass-media-fellows-bring-science-their-identities-and-their-experiences-newsrooms">this year’s class of Mass Media Fellows</a> and see a list of <a href="https://www.ams.org/programs/ams-fellowships/media-fellow/massmediafellow">past fellows supported by the AMS</a>.</p>
<p>Contact: <a href="mailto:com-staff@ams.org">AMS Communications</a></p>
<p align="center">*****</p>
<p><em>The American Mathematical Society is dedicated to advancing
research and connecting the diverse global mathematical community
through our publications, meetings and conferences, MathSciNet,
professional services, advocacy, and awareness programs.</em></p>
<p> </p><p><a href="https://www.ams.org/news?news_id=7014&fbclid=IwAR2FRm_FUKTBUkw9CxpQKrrfmcVNpZO4UJRhK8IcxAEmRKVveMcthhGHnx4">AMS :: News from the AMS</a></p>sotirishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02913491613154020052noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8738527740594255990.post-65068749185717659932022-03-24T14:40:00.001-07:002022-03-24T14:40:06.137-07:00Αποδέκτης του βραβείου για το 2022 είναι ο Dennis Parnell Sullivan <p><a href="https://presswiki.allmath.gr/wpwiki18/2022/03/24/21/39/13/6067/">Εις το άπειρον: …and the Abel 2022 goes to… – Συλλέκτης Σωτήρη Χασάπη</a></p><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name">
...and the Abel 2022 goes to...
</h3>
<div class="post-header">
<div class="post-header-line-1"></div>
</div>
<p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg55K1FRmpDHd2cdev9u6OmdXKzgbNEC7ix6nzNefakBqH79BVhz9XHV44SDGt3Pv4GkRUcKvt0S_UPBYX3bXikTmSeAiJHgebOM8sX7DKtScZlTx6qGluW8Cnp4uFOB9jdnCMhr5y9vGmH7kSsSow7j6WKDPc_4sxPVtZgMAyyX0p2cRd8DHQ6dAKdKA/s1860/Abel_Prisen.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1860" data-original-width="1200" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg55K1FRmpDHd2cdev9u6OmdXKzgbNEC7ix6nzNefakBqH79BVhz9XHV44SDGt3Pv4GkRUcKvt0S_UPBYX3bXikTmSeAiJHgebOM8sX7DKtScZlTx6qGluW8Cnp4uFOB9jdnCMhr5y9vGmH7kSsSow7j6WKDPc_4sxPVtZgMAyyX0p2cRd8DHQ6dAKdKA/s320/Abel_Prisen.png" width="206" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">Ανακοινώθηκε και φέτος η απονομή του Βραβείου Άμπελ, που γίνεται κάθε χρόνο από τη Νορβηγική Ακαδημία Επιστημών και Γραμμάτων.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOep1DwFT0hAsDuZrbXRWyxSnJdNiIMe6P9WIKZejvrd89Qxsy6yYF7KktbvqUefcirYpJlEj3jUx7uHXQ1CpVd0nZUdLoH4JIsA187oF-BdVMo_P1b0t13Dvi0IPs7dcJgYv2yjUNmGIpuoecgVCXE3ou3C66UslM1IkqErpOQPmIl9SUsaBzM8wT4g/s800/Web_Large-220321_Sullivan%20Dennis_050%20copy.jpg"><img alt="Dennis Parnell Sullivan" border="0" data-original-height="560" data-original-width="800" height="280" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOep1DwFT0hAsDuZrbXRWyxSnJdNiIMe6P9WIKZejvrd89Qxsy6yYF7KktbvqUefcirYpJlEj3jUx7uHXQ1CpVd0nZUdLoH4JIsA187oF-BdVMo_P1b0t13Dvi0IPs7dcJgYv2yjUNmGIpuoecgVCXE3ou3C66UslM1IkqErpOQPmIl9SUsaBzM8wT4g/w400-h280/Web_Large-220321_Sullivan%20Dennis_050%20copy.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Αποδέκτης
του βραβείου για το 2022 είναι ο Dennis Parnell Sullivan από το
Πολιτειακό Πανεπιστήμιο της Νέας Υόρκης στο Στόνι Μπρουκ, "για τις
πρωτοποριακές συνεισφορές του στην Τοπολογία με την ευρεία της έννοια
και συγκεκριμένα τις αλγεβρικές, γεωμετρικές και δυναμικές πτυχές της". </div><p style="text-align: justify;"><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>Πηγή:</b> <a href="https://abelprize.no/" target="_blank">The Abel Prize</a></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></p><p> </p>sotirishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02913491613154020052noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8738527740594255990.post-16400260284412390372022-01-03T09:57:00.002-08:002022-01-03T09:57:48.503-08:00Μαθη...μαγικά Δρούγας Θανάσης<a href="http://mathhmagic.blogspot.com/">Μαθη...μαγικά</a>sotirishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02913491613154020052noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8738527740594255990.post-44450592168903791592021-12-23T11:37:00.002-08:002021-12-23T11:37:36.628-08:00Richard P. Stanley receives 2022 Steele Prize for Lifetime AchievementAMS :: News from the AMS – Συλλέκτης Σωτήρη Χασάπη<p><a href="https://presswiki.allmath.gr/wpwiki18/2021/12/23/richard-p-stanley-receives-2022-steele-prize-for-lifetime-achievementams-news-from-the-ams/">Richard P. Stanley receives 2022 Steele Prize for Lifetime AchievementAMS :: News from the AMS – Συλλέκτης Σωτήρη Χασάπη</a></p><h1 class="newsItemTitle"><span class="newsItemDate"></span><span class="ez-toc-section-end"></span></h1>
<div id="newsItem6892">
<p><a href="https://mathscinet.ams.org/mathscinet/mrauthorid/166285">Richard P. Stanley</a>,
an emeritus professor of mathematics at the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, will receive the 2022 AMS Leroy P. Steele Prize for Lifetime
Achievement. Stanley has revolutionized enumerative combinatorics,
revealing deep connections with other branches of mathematics, such as
commutative algebra, topology, algebraic geometry, probability, convex
geometry, and representation theory. In doing so, he solved important
longstanding combinatorial problems, often reinvigorating these other
fields with new combinatorial methods. Through his outstanding research;
excellent expository works; and many PhD students, collaborators and
colleagues, he continues to influence the field of combinatorics
worldwide.</p>
<figure class="pull-left"><img alt="Richard P. Stanley" class="img-responsive" src="https://presswiki.allmath.gr/wpwiki18/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Richard-Stanley-cr-rs.jpg" /><figcaption>Richard P. Stanley</figcaption>Credit: Atsuko Kida</figure>
<h4><span class="ez-toc-section" id="Response_of_Richard_P_Stanley"></span>Response of Richard P. Stanley<span class="ez-toc-section-end"></span></h4>
<p>It is a wonderful honor to receive the Leroy P. Steele Prize for
Lifetime Achievement. When I started working in enumerative and
algebraic combinatorics around 1967, I was greatly attracted to the
vision of my thesis adviser Gian-Carlo Rota (recipient of a 1988 Steele
Prize), who saw glimmerings of deep connections between combinatorics
and other branches of mathematics. In graduate school, I became
interested in partially ordered sets and symmetric functions. They
fortunately turned out to be extremely fecund concepts which continue to
fascinate me. I have described elsewhere how the problem raised by
MacMahon of enumerating solid (3-dimensional) partitions eventually led
me to find connections with convex polytopes, commutative algebra, and
algebraic geometry, leading to the solution of a number of problems,
such as the Upper Bound Conjecture for Spheres and the <em>g</em>-conjecture
for simplicial polytopes, having nothing to do with solid partitions.
It is interesting how the path to successful research can be so
circuitous.</p>
<p>Throughout my career it has been gratifying to see many highly
talented aspiring mathematicians decide to work in algebraic and
enumerative combinatorics. Thanks to their efforts, the field has become
vastly more sophisticated and intertwined with other areas than when I
began my own research. This Steele Prize should be regarded not only as
an individual honor, but also as a testament to the efforts of these
other researchers who have raised algebraic and enumerative
combinatorics to its present lofty level. I should also express my
gratitude to the MIT Department of Mathematics for providing a
stimulating and nurturing environment for learning, discovering, and
teaching mathematics.</p>
<h4><span class="ez-toc-section" id="Biographical_Sketch_of_Richard_P_Stanley"></span>Biographical Sketch of Richard P. Stanley<span class="ez-toc-section-end"></span></h4>
<p>Richard P. Stanley attended the California Institute of Technology as
an undergraduate and received his PhD from Harvard University in 1971.
He originally planned to work in algebra or number theory, but under the
spell of Gian-Carlo Rota, he switched his main research interest to
combinatorics. After postdocs at MIT and UC Berkeley, Stanley returned
in 1973 to MIT, where he remained until retiring in 2018. He continues
as an Arts and Sciences Distinguished Professor at the University of
Miami during spring semesters. He especially likes connections between
combinatorics and other branches of mathematics.</p>
<p>Stanley is a member of the American Academy of Art and Sciences and
the National Academy of Sciences and a Fellow of the AMS. He was a
plenary speaker at the ICM in 2006 and gave the AMS Colloquium Lectures
in 2010. He received the SIAM George Pólya Prize in Combinatorics in
1975, the Steele Prize for Mathematical Exposition in 2001, and the Rolf
Schock Prize in Mathematics in 2003. Sixty students received their PhDs
under his supervision. In addition to these mathematical progeny, he
has two biological children and two grandchildren.</p>
<h4><span class="ez-toc-section" id="About_the_Award"></span>About the Award<span class="ez-toc-section-end"></span></h4>
<p>Presented annually, the AMS Leroy P. Steele Prize for Lifetime
Achievement is awarded for the cumulative influence of the total
mathematical work of the recipient, high level of research over a period
of time, particular influence on the development of a field, and
influence on mathematics through PhD students. The Steele Prizes were
established in 1970 in honor of George David Birkhoff, William Fogg
Osgood, and William Caspar Graustein, and are endowed under the terms of
a bequest from Leroy P. Steele.</p>
<p>The 2022 prize will be presented Wednesday, January 5 during the Joint Prize Session at the <a href="https://www.jointmathematicsmeetings.org/jmm">2022 Joint Mathematics Meetings in Seattle</a>.</p>
<p><a href="https://www.ams.org/prizes-awards/paview.cgi?parent_id=25">Find out more about the prize and previous recipients</a>.</p>
<p>Contact: <a href="mailto:com-staff@ams.org">AMS Communications</a>.</p>
</div><p> </p>sotirishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02913491613154020052noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8738527740594255990.post-67976857824612353742021-11-08T16:33:00.005-08:002021-11-08T16:34:09.011-08:00George Bernard Dantzig<p> <span class="d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql b0tq1wua a8c37x1j keod5gw0 nxhoafnm aigsh9s9 d9wwppkn fe6kdd0r mau55g9w c8b282yb hrzyx87i jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v b1v8xokw oo9gr5id hzawbc8m" dir="auto"></span></p><div class="kvgmc6g5 cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql ii04i59q"><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">αν σήμερα,το 1914 γεννιέται ο μαθηματικός George Bernard Dantzig.</div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">Γεννήθηκε στο Πόρτλαντ του Όρεγκον.Οι γονείς του,τον ονόμασαν George Bernard προς τιμή του Τζορτζ Μπερνάρντ Σω, του Ιρλανδού συγγραφέα. Ο πατέρας του Tobias Dantzig ήταν Γερμανός μαθηματικός και γλωσσολόγος της Βαλτικής και η μητέρα του, Anja Dantzig Γαλλίδα γλωσσολόγος.O George Bernard Dantzig υπήρξε μαθηματικός διαμετρήματος με περγαμηνές στην στατιστική, στην επιστήμη των υπολογιστών, την οικονομική επιστήμη αλλά κυρίως στην επιχειρησιακή έρευνα. Γνωστός για την εργασία του στο γραμμικό προγραμματισμό και ειδικότερα για την δημιουργία του αλγορίθμου Simplex, ενός αλγόριθμου για την επίλυση προβλημάτων γραμμικού προγραμματισμού.</div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">Το 1939, ενώ ήταν μεταπτυχιακός φοιτητής στο Berkeley πρωταγωνίστησε στο εξής περιστατικό. Καθυστερεί σε ένα μάθημα, όταν φτάνει,ο καθηγητής Jerzy Neyman είχε ήδη γράψει στον πίνακα δυο προβλήματα στατιστικής, ο Dantzig υποθέτει ότι τα προβλήματα ήταν μια εργασία στο σπίτι και τα σημειώνει. Η αλήθεια είναι ότι τα προβλήματα όπως ο ίδιος μετέπειτα έλεγε «φάνηκαν να είναι λίγο πιο δύσκολα από το συνηθισμένο», αλλά λίγες μέρες αργότερα έδωσε ολοκληρωμένες λύσεις και τις παρέδωσε όπως πίστευε καθυστερημένα στον Neyman.</div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">Έξι εβδομάδες αργότερα,πρωί,κάποιος χτυπούσε μετ’ επιτάσεως την πόρτα του Dantzig,όταν άνοιξε την πόρτα είδε ένα κατενθουσιασμένο καθηγητή Neyman,ο οποίος του είπε ότι τα προβλήματα που είχε λύσει ήταν δύο από τα πιο διάσημα άλυτα προβλήματα στην στατιστική.Είχε προετοιμάσει μία από τις λύσεις του για δημοσίευση σε ένα μαθηματικό περιοδικό.Όπως είπε ο Dantzig σε μια συνέντευξη του 1986,στο Journal College Mathematics: Ένα χρόνο αργότερα,όταν άρχισα να ανησυχώ για το ποιο πρέπει να είναι το θέμα της διατριβής μου,ο Neyman απλώς σηκώθηκε και μου είπε να ολοκληρώσω τα δύο προβλήματα να τα συρράψω και θα τα δεχόταν την διατριβή μου.</div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">Αυτή η ιστορία άρχισε να εξαπλώνεται και πήρε διαστάσεις με το όνομα του Dantzig σιγά-σιγά να αφαιρείται και τα γεγονότα να αλλάζουν, αλλά η βασική ιστορία παραμένει με τη μορφή αστικού μύθου και έμπνευση για την εισαγωγική σκηνή στην εξαίρετη ταινία Good Will Hunting</div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"><span><a class="oajrlxb2 g5ia77u1 qu0x051f esr5mh6w e9989ue4 r7d6kgcz rq0escxv nhd2j8a9 nc684nl6 p7hjln8o kvgmc6g5 cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x jb3vyjys rz4wbd8a qt6c0cv9 a8nywdso i1ao9s8h esuyzwwr f1sip0of lzcic4wl py34i1dx gpro0wi8" href="https://l.facebook.com/l.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DSzjdcPbjaR4%26t%3D1s%26fbclid%3DIwAR0-uEwv-WBwzCR2D4hD6fUN3a6uLE49FLR9c1Y02mooF8xoErSvuRkEqIA&h=AT3l3h7mdAOErMnWvByDymJDvBm8vNgn-XugVXX9FtHADntbJ-_ZIFYNVGHX_mxhQAcNdNnRPGRgaYpe1Viz_1IGb0CLCsVL5wBmt_i9Q8NWg4Sv3BnJlf-uXw&__tn__=-UK-R&c[0]=AT0pSRfu9OXzzB0TqhAiGQTAcJW2-m3ret4XXvX9LnS8JGxFGjhWSLjnTAd_X1NRfCZ7lNGC6847N9nk2Jv5fKSX1cIjKRtovf-d4bojl0aY8NCogc0-Enkp6Y9pUdaZ_y5GrqKoNfhOJiHzeud-7hs3EhvykRZS1maskM6gS6S9m3h8_FAzQrrBiUS4J0uW9IRGrbAGvKUYmDA" rel="nofollow noopener" role="link" tabindex="0" target="_blank">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SzjdcPbjaR4&t=1s</a></span></div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"><span><a class="oajrlxb2 g5ia77u1 qu0x051f esr5mh6w e9989ue4 r7d6kgcz rq0escxv nhd2j8a9 nc684nl6 p7hjln8o kvgmc6g5 cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x jb3vyjys rz4wbd8a qt6c0cv9 a8nywdso i1ao9s8h esuyzwwr f1sip0of lzcic4wl py34i1dx gpro0wi8" href="https://l.facebook.com/l.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DSrhjN3Uf5To%26fbclid%3DIwAR18h6UpTzfTftuE9D3aDL5hGd5OqobCvmO5H49pcqZ0UajdAED0Ov37IBY&h=AT0UHN1xD6UuKY25Q4H_1VeSo_VFwqLP0W4vetwwfk3ZPIIG5mxlyECptu0Td9L8bfNRyTTSssiMOna_oxAyjrZWuUfo0pFfDpo3fyZ80kJXUw9hxqU0Fr5tAA&__tn__=-UK-R&c[0]=AT0pSRfu9OXzzB0TqhAiGQTAcJW2-m3ret4XXvX9LnS8JGxFGjhWSLjnTAd_X1NRfCZ7lNGC6847N9nk2Jv5fKSX1cIjKRtovf-d4bojl0aY8NCogc0-Enkp6Y9pUdaZ_y5GrqKoNfhOJiHzeud-7hs3EhvykRZS1maskM6gS6S9m3h8_FAzQrrBiUS4J0uW9IRGrbAGvKUYmDA" rel="nofollow noopener" role="link" tabindex="0" target="_blank">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SrhjN3Uf5To</a></span></div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"><span> </span></div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"><span><img alt="May be an image of text that says '((k.v) kx(kxv)1 ru kx( +٣٣٣ =nerr) n(È) Mg rF-nx(nx) =r-(r) In 1939, George Dantzig arrived late to his statistics class. On the board were two famous "unsolved" problems in statistics written as an example by his professor. Dantzig mistook the examples for homework assignments. He solved the "unsolved" problems and submitted the homework to his professor a few days later. His solutions earned him a doctorate. ifunny.c'" class="i09qtzwb n7fi1qx3 datstx6m pmk7jnqg j9ispegn kr520xx4 k4urcfbm bixrwtb6" height="510" src="https://scontent.fath3-3.fna.fbcdn.net/v/t1.6435-9/p526x296/254350202_4104934919612812_4818165976008354742_n.jpg?_nc_cat=111&ccb=1-5&_nc_sid=730e14&_nc_ohc=_3SItSnaHjkAX-sCDbK&_nc_ht=scontent.fath3-3.fna&oh=cd80311a05d0e01f35b73db816a3da38&oe=61AF8E86" width="526" /> </span></div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"><span> </span></div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"><span>πηγή: <iframe src="https://www.facebook.com/plugins/post.php?href=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Fthanasisdrougas%2Fposts%2F4104943336278637&show_text=false&width=500" width="500" height="485" style="border:none;overflow:hidden" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="true" allow="autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; picture-in-picture; web-share"></iframe></span></div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"><span> <br /></span></div></div><p></p><div><div class="stjgntxs ni8dbmo4 l82x9zwi uo3d90p7 h905i5nu monazrh9" data-visualcompletion="ignore-dynamic"><div><div><div><div class="l9j0dhe7"><div class="bp9cbjyn m9osqain j83agx80 jq4qci2q bkfpd7mw a3bd9o3v kvgmc6g5 wkznzc2l oygrvhab dhix69tm jktsbyx5 rz4wbd8a osnr6wyh a8nywdso s1tcr66n"><div class="bp9cbjyn j83agx80 buofh1pr ni8dbmo4 stjgntxs"><span aria-label="See who reacted to this" class="du4w35lb" role="toolbar"><span class="bp9cbjyn j83agx80 b3onmgus" id="jsc_c_1wr"><span class="np69z8it et4y5ytx j7g94pet b74d5cxt qw6c0r16 kb8x4rkr ed597pkb omcyoz59 goun2846 ccm00jje s44p3ltw mk2mc5f4 qxh1up0x qtyiw8t4 tpcyxxvw k0bpgpbk hm271qws rl04r1d5 l9j0dhe7 ov9facns kavbgo14"><span class="t0qjyqq4 jos75b7i j6sty90h kv0toi1t q9uorilb hm271qws ov9facns"><span class="tojvnm2t a6sixzi8 abs2jz4q a8s20v7p t1p8iaqh k5wvi7nf q3lfd5jv pk4s997a bipmatt0 cebpdrjk qowsmv63 owwhemhu dp1hu0rb dhp61c6y iyyx5f41"></span></span></span></span></span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><span aria-label="See who reacted to this" class="du4w35lb" role="toolbar"><span class="bp9cbjyn j83agx80 b3onmgus" id="jsc_c_1wr"><span class="np69z8it et4y5ytx j7g94pet b74d5cxt qw6c0r16 kb8x4rkr ed597pkb omcyoz59 goun2846 ccm00jje s44p3ltw mk2mc5f4 qxh1up0x qtyiw8t4 tpcyxxvw k0bpgpbk hm271qws rl04r1d5 l9j0dhe7 ov9facns tkr6xdv7"><span class="t0qjyqq4 jos75b7i j6sty90h kv0toi1t q9uorilb hm271qws ov9facns"><span class="tojvnm2t a6sixzi8 abs2jz4q a8s20v7p t1p8iaqh k5wvi7nf q3lfd5jv pk4s997a bipmatt0 cebpdrjk qowsmv63 owwhemhu dp1hu0rb dhp61c6y iyyx5f41"></span></span></span></span></span><div><span class="tojvnm2t a6sixzi8 abs2jz4q a8s20v7p t1p8iaqh k5wvi7nf q3lfd5jv pk4s997a bipmatt0 cebpdrjk qowsmv63 owwhemhu dp1hu0rb dhp61c6y iyyx5f41"></span></div><div class="gtad4xkn"><span class="tojvnm2t a6sixzi8 abs2jz4q a8s20v7p t1p8iaqh k5wvi7nf q3lfd5jv pk4s997a bipmatt0 cebpdrjk qowsmv63 owwhemhu dp1hu0rb dhp61c6y iyyx5f41"><br /></span></div>sotirishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02913491613154020052noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8738527740594255990.post-62106346994920423852021-04-15T13:41:00.001-07:002021-04-15T13:41:53.584-07:00Pythagoras Foundation | Information center about the philosophy of Pythagoras<a href="https://www.stichting-pythagoras.nl/">Pythagoras Foundation | Information center about the philosophy of Pythagoras</a>sotirishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02913491613154020052noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8738527740594255990.post-71273004338352951672020-01-19T11:11:00.001-08:002020-01-19T11:11:54.412-08:00Oμιλία του Κ. Δασκαλάκη στο Ίδρυμα Ευγενίδου, 14.01.2020, 1/2<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="270" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/NWGUjC8f7jQ" width="480"></iframe>sotirishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02913491613154020052noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8738527740594255990.post-55342159277310982402019-12-15T10:37:00.001-08:002019-12-15T10:37:38.939-08:00Jeffrey C. Lagarias<a href="http://www.math.lsa.umich.edu/~lagarias/">Jeffrey C. Lagarias</a><br /><br />
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<h3>Research Interests:</h3>Number Theory; also: Computational Complexity Theory,<br />Cryptography, Discrete and Computational Geometry,<br />Dynamical Systems, Harmonic Analysis, Low-Dimensional Topology,<br />Mathematical Physics, Optimization<br /><br /><br />
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<li><a href="http://www.math.lsa.umich.edu/~lagarias/oldcourses-19fa.html">Previous Courses</a></li><br />
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<li><a href="http://www.ams.org/notices/201211/rtx121101540p.pdf">Notices of the AMS article with Chuanming Zong (pdf) </a>``Mysteries in Packing Regular Tetrahedra" ( Vol. 59, No. 11, Dec. 2012, 1540--1549)</li><br />
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<li><a href="http://annarborchronicle.com/2010/02/14/packing-pyramids-um-and-ann-arbor/">Elizabeth Chen thesis defense </a>(Ann Arbor Chronicle, February 14, 2010)</li><br />
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<address>Last updated Sept 1, 2019 (links to papers before 1987 may be broken)</address>sotirishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02913491613154020052noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8738527740594255990.post-48032162470816886622019-03-31T13:15:00.001-07:002019-03-31T13:15:50.876-07:00ΤΟ ΣΤΕΚΙ ΤΩΝ ΜΑΘΗΜΑΤΙΚΩΝ - Νίκος Χατζημανώλης<a href="http://nikoschatzimanolis.blogspot.com/">ΤΟ ΣΤΕΚΙ ΤΩΝ ΜΑΘΗΜΑΤΙΚΩΝ</a>: Το blog αυτό φιλοξενεί απόψεις, σχόλια, άρθρα, δημοσιεύσεις και γενικότερα αναζητήσεις γύρω από τα μαθηματικά και τις επιστήμες.sotirishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02913491613154020052noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8738527740594255990.post-91304298282306664932018-09-12T15:00:00.001-07:002018-09-12T15:00:01.512-07:00Γ.Δάσιος - Μέλος Ακαδημίας Αθηνών - Τα Μαθηματικά του Ανθρωπίνου σώματος<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="270" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/M8F8JL7mI5E" width="480"></iframe>sotirishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02913491613154020052noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8738527740594255990.post-53385050220306813752018-09-08T14:03:00.001-07:002018-09-08T14:03:45.596-07:00D. J. Bernstein / Papers<a href="http://cr.yp.to/papers.html#aks">D. J. Bernstein / Papers</a>sotirishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02913491613154020052noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8738527740594255990.post-51875489225920977462018-09-08T13:57:00.001-07:002018-09-08T13:57:20.440-07:00Carl Pomerance<a href="https://www.math.dartmouth.edu/~carlp/">Carl Pomerance</a>: Gaussiansotirishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02913491613154020052noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8738527740594255990.post-82178559660891137962018-06-10T10:10:00.003-07:002018-06-10T10:10:46.545-07:00Jeremy Johnson<a href="https://www.cs.drexel.edu/~jjohnson/">Jeremy Johnson</a>sotirishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02913491613154020052noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8738527740594255990.post-71215902540926034212018-06-10T10:10:00.001-07:002018-06-10T10:10:33.162-07:00Jeremy Johnson<a href="https://www.cs.drexel.edu/~jjohnson/">Jeremy Johnson</a>sotirishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02913491613154020052noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8738527740594255990.post-34785589712257084092018-04-28T09:07:00.001-07:002018-04-28T09:07:11.344-07:0010η Μαθηματική Εβδομάδα 2018 - Μέλη του Mathematica<a href="https://www.facebook.com/mathematica.gr/photos/a.1037293949614180.1073741825.486753378001576/2161498013860429/?type=3&theater">Facebook</a><br /><br />
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<img alt="Image may contain: 12 people, people smiling, people standing" class="spotlight" height="240" src="https://scontent.fath3-4.fna.fbcdn.net/v/t1.0-9/31404342_2161498020527095_684771134494736384_o.jpg?_nc_cat=0&_nc_eui2=v1%3AAeHq1ltHWQLQpK1ntGyCUpxchMspCCpLLctVEaMKdr8yCeHxuEkOA4DoBlvjiDeCMsR0122oyKz9TaTL8NYa1FfuD9T8Q2sFpdc8Rd7xDJpfhQ&oh=0a0251fd47c5b70983a466055280d856&oe=5B68B44A" style="height: 600px; width: 800px;" width="320" />sotirishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02913491613154020052noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8738527740594255990.post-11978999882587228062017-09-23T11:14:00.001-07:002017-09-23T11:14:01.812-07:00Euler, the Beethoven of Mathematics - OpenMind<a href="https://www.bbvaopenmind.com/en/euler-the-beethoven-of-mathematics/">Euler, the Beethoven of Mathematics - OpenMind</a><br /><br />
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<h1 class="title01">Euler, the Beethoven of Mathematics</h1></header><br />
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</ul></div><div class="article-meta"> <ul class="list03 list03c"><li class="first-child"><span>18 September 2017</span></li>
<li class="last-child"> <a href="https://www.bbvaopenmind.com/en/topic/mathematics/" title="View all articles Mathematics">Mathematics</a>, <a href="https://www.bbvaopenmind.com/en/topic/science/" title="View all articles Science">Science</a> </li>
</ul><div class="article-rating register"> <br />
<br />
<div class="kk-star-ratings top-left lft disabled" data-id="33926"> <div class="kksr-stars kksr-star gray"> <br />
<br />
</div></div><div class="login-stars"><a href="https://www.bbvaopenmind.com/en/sign-in/?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbvaopenmind.com%2Fen%2Feuler-the-beethoven-of-mathematics%2F">Sign in</a> or <a href="https://www.bbvaopenmind.com/en/register/">register</a> to rate this publication</div></div></div>In the educational studies of every scientist, there are a <br />
few individual names that seem to emerge from course to course. But <br />
above those of <strong>Newton, Galileo, or Einstein</strong>, there is <br />
one name that probably surpasses them all as the first to appear—once <br />
children master the four basic arithmetic operations, their approach to <br />
logic begins with set theory and its Venn diagrams. But these are but <br />
one particular case of those invented by a mathematician whose name <br />
designates constants, functions, equations, laws, theorems, and almost <br />
any other type of mathematical entity: Euler.<br /><br />
<br />
The Swiss <strong>Leonhard Euler</strong> (15 April 1707 – 18 <br />
September 1783) was one of the greatest intellectual supermen in the <br />
history of mankind. The numbers serve to demonstrate his incredible <br />
mental superpowers—over his 76 years of life he published more than 800 <br />
works, totalling some 30,000 pages. It has been estimated that <strong>almost a third of all the science and mathematics written in the eighteenth century bears his signature.</strong> After his death, his obituary required 56 pages to list all his publications.<br /><br />
<br />
But even the numbers fall short in describing a prodigious mind whose<br />
talent manifested itself in some anecdotes. Perhaps the best known is <br />
that he was able to recite Virgil’s <em>Aeneid</em> from beginning to end, detailing in what line every page of the edition he owned began and ended.<br /><br />
<br />
<h2>Superhuman computing power</h2>Memory was not the only ability in which his brain seemed to <br />
anticipate our current machines—his computing power was also superhuman.<br />
He spent the last 17 years of his life almost totally <strong>blind</strong>,<br />
due to a cataract in his left eye and a degenerative lesion in the <br />
right one, whose origin varies according to the versions. But if this <br />
disease affected his output, it was only to increase it; “in this way I <br />
will have fewer distractions,” he once said. At one stage he was writing<br />
an average of one work a week and joked about his enormous production, <br />
claiming that his pencil outperformed him in intelligence. Like a <br />
Beethoven unable to hear his music, <strong>Euler could hardly see his calculations</strong>,<br />
but in his head he counted tables of lunar movements with such clarity <br />
that an apprentice tailor could serve as a secretary without the need <br />
for mathematical training.<br /><br />
<br />
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_33934" style="width: 580px;"><a href="https://www.bbvaopenmind.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Euler-1-dentro1.jpg"><img alt="Leonhard Euler portrayed by Jakob Emanuel Handmann circa 1756. Source: Deutsches Museum, Munich" class="size-full wp-image-33934" data-id="33934" height="542" src="https://www.bbvaopenmind.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Euler-1-dentro1.jpg" width="570" /></a><div class="wp-caption-text">Leonhard Euler portrayed by Jakob Emanuel Handmann circa 1756. Source: <strong><em>Deutsches Museum, Munich</em></strong></div></div>On one occasion, two students disagreed over the result of the sum of<br />
17 terms in a series, as the results of the two operations differed in <br />
the fiftieth decimal place. Without a pencil or slate, Euler computed <br />
the correct result in his mind in a few seconds. The anecdote was <br />
referred to by his contemporary and colleague, the Frenchman Nicolas de <br />
Condorcet, who at Euler’s death wrote a lengthy eulogy to “one of the <br />
greatest and most extraordinary men that Nature ever produced.”<br /><br />
<br />
Curiously, that genius might have been lost to mathematics if Euler <br />
had followed in the footsteps of his father to serve as pastor of the <br />
Reformed Church, as planned. The advice of the mathematician Johann <br />
Bernoulli, a friend of the family, was key in directing Euler’s <br />
footsteps definitively towards mathematics and science.<br /><br />
<br />
Precocious in his studies and in his career, he soon began to stand out, which led him to travel<strong> to occupy prestigious positions in the Academies of Saint Petersburg and Berlin.</strong><br />
The most prolific mathematician in history was not only the main <br />
founder of what we now know as classical mathematics, exploring a wide <br />
variety of fields and introducing much of the notation used today, but <br />
he also explored other disciplines such as astronomy, optics, <br />
engineering, magnetism, ballistics, navigation, shipbuilding, philosophy<br />
and music. It is said that his musical theory did not triumph because <br />
it was too advanced in mathematical computations for musicians, and too <br />
musical for mathematicians.<br /><br />
<br />
<h2>A Gift for Dissemination</h2>Euler was also endowed with a gift for dissemination, without having <br />
dedicated himself professionally to teaching. Proof of this is the <br />
publication that was a best seller in its time—<a href="https://archive.org/details/lettresuneprinc01eulegoog" target="_blank"><em>Letters to a German Princess, On Different Subjects in Physics and of Philosophy</em></a>,<br />
a work in three volumes that began to be published in 1768 and that <br />
collects the letters written by Euler to his pupil, Friederike Charlotte<br />
of Brandenburg-Schwedt, princess of Anhalt-Dessau and niece of the King<br />
of Prussia Federico the Great.<br /><br />
<br />
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_33936" style="width: 580px;"><a href="https://www.bbvaopenmind.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Euler-21.jpg"><img alt="The famous Goldbach Conjecture first appeared in a letter addressed to Euler by Christian Goldbach. Source: Departament of Mathematics and Statistics - Dalhousie University" class="size-full wp-image-33936" data-id="33936" height="585" src="https://www.bbvaopenmind.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Euler-21.jpg" width="570" /></a><div class="wp-caption-text">The famous Goldbach Conjecture first appeared in a letter addressed to Euler by Christian Goldbach. Source: <strong><em>Departament of Mathematics and Statistics – Dalhousie University</em></strong></div></div>In fact, Euler’s correspondence is also a treasure trove—the famous <br />
Goldbach Conjecture, one of the oldest yet unsolved mathematical <br />
problems, first appeared in 1742 in a letter addressed to Euler by the <br />
German mathematician Christian Goldbach, his friend since they met each <br />
other at the St. Petersburg Academy.<br /><br />
<br />
It was in this Russian city that, on September 18, 1783, Euler was <br />
calculating the ascent of hot air balloons—which at that time were <br />
causing a furore in Europe—and argued over dinner with his colleague <br />
Anders Johan Lexell about the orbit of the newly discovered planet <br />
Uranus. As Condorcet wrote, it was later, while drinking tea and playing<br />
with his grandson, when “all of a sudden the pipe that he was smoking <br />
slipped from his hand and he ceased to calculate and live.”<br /><br />
<br />
<strong>Javier Yanes</strong><br /><br />
sotirishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02913491613154020052noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8738527740594255990.post-55282574467687278422017-08-23T04:11:00.001-07:002017-08-23T04:11:13.435-07:00Δεν είναι όλοι οι ερευνητές Μαθηματικοί ευφυείς! <p dir="ltr"><a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/view/articles/2017-06-07/a-mathematician-s-secret-we-re-not-all-geniuses"><u>Προφανώς</u></a>. </p>
sotirishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02913491613154020052noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8738527740594255990.post-57090283461527883672017-07-07T08:38:00.001-07:002017-07-07T08:38:15.264-07:00Women in Maths - Δημοσιεύσεις<a href="https://www.facebook.com/womeninmaths/posts/1799654716914031:0">Women in Maths - Δημοσιεύσεις</a><br /><br />
<br /><br />
<div class="_5pbx userContent" data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" id="js_hjh">Claire<br />
Voisin (Professor at Collège de France, member of the <br />
Académie des Sciences, Paris, recipient of CNRS Gold medal <br />
2016):``... I would not say that I chose math as a career; I got <br />
interested, so I started, then I continued and it was a sort of <br />
addiction. I never really 'thought' of doing this, it's like <br />
this was simply obvious and also the easiest way. How can I say; <br />
once I started seriously doing maths, there was no alternative. I <br />
got used to it, I had to do this. Since I started, I never wanted to<br />
do something different. I would even say I find it more and more <br />
interesting over time... <br /><br />
The fact is that my family did <br />
not care so much, because I come from a very large family: I have <br />
eight sisters and three brothers. My parents were very happy if we <br />
were independent and earned money. I left my family's home when I <br />
was 17, I got a scholarship and, starting from this point, I <br />
never had to ask money from my parents. I should say that when I <br />
was a child I had some contacts with maths, especially geometry, but <br />
my parents did not care so much about our future careers; if I <br />
had been a teacher in high school they would have been happy. <br /><br />
<br />
...What is hard are the moments when you lack inspiration to formulate <br />
new ideas, new problems. Also sometimes it happened that I did <br />
some research which was unsuccessful. It is important to be able to stop<br />
something which does not work, not to spend too much time and <br />
energy on an idea that you drive by force. You need to change. I <br />
always found travelling very useful for this, because if you are alone <br />
you tend to stay stuck on a subject, while if you travel you <br />
get some distance and you can try something new, a new subject,<br />
your mind has a new drive, a new energy. <br /><br />
...I had excellent <br />
working conditions, because I had no teaching, I could teach<br />
only when I wanted to, and in high level courses. I had a CNRS <br />
position, so I was able to work at home, no time and energy<br />
wasted in public transportation. Life was made very easy by my CNRS <br />
position; and you know the French system of child care, so I had no <br />
excuse for not working full-time. I should mention that what made <br />
my life so very easy is that my husband is also a <br />
mathematician, so not only the every day schedule is much softer, but<br />
we understood both that we needed time for us. At the weekends, <br />
I used to work in the morning and he in the afternoon. That <br />
was nice, we both agreed that we should do things this way. <br /><br />
...I<br />
like very much the moment I start a new research, I like <br />
very much the moment I have something in my mind: sometimes it <br />
is barely an idea, sometimes it's just the beginning of <br />
something. But there is this quality of the dream, and the fact <br />
that your mind works alone, you do not need to force it. <br /><br />
I also<br />
like to give talks; this is a bit different, but I like it very much. I<br />
have to challenge myself to discuss, because I am what in <br />
French we call ’introvertie’. There is a lot of introversion <br />
in our work, because we are contemplating something. But there <br />
is also a part of our work that is different, discussing, <br />
giving talks, attending conferences, which is also nice. Still, for <br />
me, the very nice part of my job is when I work on something new by <br />
myself.<br /><br />
The bad part....there is some bad part, some <br />
suffering, when you are trying to do something which is <br />
difficult. There are some moments when you spend much energy, <br />
and moments in which the dynamics of research is a little <br />
lost. You don’t feel you are inside of mathematics. But I am afraid this<br />
is especially bad for my family....''<br /><br />
This is a short extract from an interview with Claire by the EWM. For the full interview (worth reading!), please see<br /><br />
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<br />sotirishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02913491613154020052noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8738527740594255990.post-9200703201064066282017-05-23T14:42:00.003-07:002017-05-23T14:42:03.425-07:00Mathematics for Human Flourishing | The Mathematical Yawp<a href="https://mathyawp.wordpress.com/2017/01/08/mathematics-for-human-flourishing/">Mathematics for Human Flourishing | The Mathematical Yawp</a>sotirishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02913491613154020052noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8738527740594255990.post-26296719626624104452017-05-23T14:42:00.001-07:002017-05-23T14:42:02.245-07:00Mathematics for Human Flourishing | The Mathematical Yawp<a href="https://mathyawp.wordpress.com/2017/01/08/mathematics-for-human-flourishing/">Mathematics for Human Flourishing | The Mathematical Yawp</a>sotirishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02913491613154020052noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8738527740594255990.post-41888081317452948382017-05-09T12:12:00.001-07:002017-05-09T12:12:16.201-07:00Francis Su's Home Page<a href="https://www.math.hmc.edu/~su/">Francis Su's Home Page</a>sotirishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02913491613154020052noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8738527740594255990.post-19240329931093418592017-04-02T09:10:00.001-07:002017-04-02T09:10:36.508-07:00Yves Meyer, Wavelet Expert, Wins Abel Prize | Quanta Magazine<a href="https://www.quantamagazine.org/20170321-yves-meyer-abel-prize/">Yves Meyer, Wavelet Expert, Wins Abel Prize | Quanta Magazine</a>sotirishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02913491613154020052noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8738527740594255990.post-84633335716592054312017-04-02T09:08:00.001-07:002017-04-02T09:08:34.371-07:00How the French Mathematician Sophie Germain Paved the Way for Women in Science and Almost Saved Gauss’s Life – Brain Pickings<a href="https://www.brainpickings.org/2017/02/22/sophie-germain-gauss/?utm_source=bloglovin.com&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+brainpickings%2Frss+%28Brain+Pickings%29">How the French Mathematician Sophie Germain Paved the Way for Women in Science and Almost Saved Gauss’s Life – Brain Pickings</a><br /><br />
<br /><br />
<h3 class="byline">By Maria Popova</h3><div class="entry_content"> <a href="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/9027711356/braipick-20" target="_blank"><img alt="How the French Mathematician Sophie Germain Paved the Way for Women in Science and Almost Saved Gauss’s Life" class="cover alignright size-medium" height="500" src="https://i0.wp.com/www.brainpickings.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/sophiegermain.jpg?fit=315%2C500&ssl=1" width="315" /></a><br /><br />
A century after the trailblazing French mathematician Émilie du Châtelet <a href="https://www.brainpickings.org/2017/01/03/emilie-du-chatelet-fable-of-the-bees-preface/">popularized Newton and paved the path for women in science</a>, and a few decades before the word “scientist” was <a href="https://www.brainpickings.org/2016/12/26/mary-somerville-scientist/">coined for the Scottish mathematician Mary Somerville</a>, <strong>Sophie Germain</strong><br />
(April 1, 1776–June 27, 1831) gave herself an education using her <br />
father’s books and became a brilliant mathematician, physicist, and <br />
astronomer, who pioneered elasticity theory and made significant <br />
contributions to number theory.<br /><br />
<br />
In lieu of a formal education, unavailable to women until <a href="https://www.brainpickings.org/2016/10/27/lise-meitner/">more than a century later</a>,<br />
Germain supplemented her reading and her natural gift for science by <br />
exchanging letters with some of the era’s most prominent mathematicians.<br />
Among her famous correspondents was Carl Friedrich Gauss, considered by<br />
many scholars the greatest mathematician who ever lived. Writing under <br />
the male pseudonym M. LeBlanc — “fearing the ridicule attached to a <br />
female scientist,” as she herself later explained — Germain began <br />
sharing with Gauss some of her theorem proofs in response to his magnum <br />
opus <em>Disquisitiones Arithmeticae</em>.<br /><br />
<br />
<figure class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_59974"><a href="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/9027711356/braipick-20" target="_blank"><img alt="" class="size-full wp-image-59974" height="426" src="https://i1.wp.com/www.brainpickings.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/sophiegermain1.jpg?resize=600%2C426&ssl=1" width="600" /></a><figcaption class="wp-caption-text">Sophie Germain</figcaption></figure><br />
Their correspondence began in 1804, at the peak of the French <br />
occupation of Prussia. In 1806, Germain received news that Napoleon’s <br />
troops were about to enter Gauss’s Prussian hometown of Brunswick. <br />
Terrified that her faraway mentor might suffer the fate of Archimedes, <br />
who was killed when Roman forces conquered Syracuse after a two-year <br />
siege, she called on a family friend — the French military chief M. <br />
Pernety — to find Gauss in Brunswick and ensure his safety. Pernety <br />
tasked one of his battalion commanders with traveling two hundred miles <br />
to the occupied Brunswick in order to carry out the rescue mission. <br /><br />
<br />
But Gauss, it turned out, was unscathed by the war. In a letter from <br />
November 27 of 1806, included in the altogether fascinating <a href="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/9027711356/braipick-20" target="_blank"><strong><em>Sophie Germain: An Essay in the History of the Theory of Elasticity</em></strong></a> (<a href="http://www.worldcat.org/title/sophie-germain-an-essay-in-the-history-of-the-theory-of-elasticity/oclc/185841610&referer=brief_results" target="_blank"><em>public library</em></a>), the somewhat irate battalion commander reports to his chief:<br /><br />
<br />
<blockquote>Just arrived in this town and have bruised myself with <br />
your errand. I have asked several persons for the address of Gauss, at <br />
whose residence I was to gather some news on your and Sophie Germain’s <br />
behalf. M. Gauss replied that he did not have the honor of knowing you <br />
or Mlle. Germain… After I had spoken of the different points contained <br />
in your order, he seemed a little confused and asked me to convey his <br />
thanks for your consideration on his behalf.</blockquote><figure class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_59975"><a href="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/9027711356/braipick-20" target="_blank"><img alt="" class="size-full wp-image-59975" height="418" src="https://i0.wp.com/www.brainpickings.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/gauss_jensen.jpg?resize=680%2C502&ssl=1" width="566" /></a><figcaption class="wp-caption-text">Carl Friedrich Gauss (Portrait by Jensen)</figcaption></figure><br />
Upon receiving the comforting if somewhat comical news, Germain felt <br />
obliged to write to Gauss and clear his confusion about his would-be <br />
savior’s identity. After coming out as the woman behind the M. LeBlanc <br />
persona in a letter from February 20 of 1807, she tells Gauss:<br /><br />
<br />
<blockquote>The appreciation I owe you for the encouragement you have<br />
given me, in showing me that you count me among the lovers of sublime <br />
arithmetic whose mysteries you have developed, was my particular <br />
motivation for finding out news of you at a time when the troubles of <br />
the war caused me to fear for your safety; and I have learned with <br />
complete satisfaction that you have remained in your house as <br />
undisturbed as circumstances would permit. I hope, however, that these <br />
events will not keep you too long from your astronomical and especially <br />
your arithmetical researches, because this part of science has a <br />
particular attraction for me, and I always admire with new pleasure the <br />
linkages between truths exposed in your book.</blockquote>Gauss responds a few weeks later:<br /><br />
<br />
<blockquote>Mademoiselle,<br /><br />
<br />
Your letter … was for me the source of as much pleasure as surprise. <br />
How pleasant and heartwarming to acquire a friend so flattering and <br />
precious. The lively interest that you have taken in me during this war <br />
deserves the most sincere appreciation. Your letter to General Pernety <br />
would have been most useful to me, if I had needed special protection on<br />
the part of the French government.<br /><br />
<br />
Happily, the events and consequences of war have not affected me so <br />
much up until now, although I am convinced that they will have a large <br />
influence on the future course of my life. But how I can describe my <br />
astonishment and admiration on seeing my esteemed correspondent M. <br />
LeBlanc metamorphosed into this celebrated person, yielding a copy so <br />
brilliant it is hard to believe? The taste for the abstract sciences in <br />
general and, above all, for the mysteries of numbers, is very rare: this<br />
is not surprising, since the charms of this sublime science in all <br />
their beauty reveal themselves only to those who have the courage to <br />
fathom them. But when a woman, because of her sex, our customs and <br />
prejudices, encounters infinitely more obstacles than men in <br />
familiarizing herself with their knotty problems, yet overcomes these <br />
fetters and penetrates that which is most hidden, she doubtless has the <br />
most noble courage, extraordinary talent, and superior genius. Nothing <br />
could prove me in a more flattering and less equivocal way that the <br />
attractions of that science, which have added so much joy to my life, <br />
are not chimerical, than the favor with which you have honored it.<br /><br />
<br />
The scientific notes which your letters are so richly filled have <br />
given me a thousand pleasures. I have studied them with attention, and I<br />
admire the ease with which you penetrate all branches of arithmetic, <br />
and the wisdom with which you generalize and perfect. I ask you to take <br />
it as proof of my attention if I dare to add a remark to your last <br />
letter.</blockquote>With this, Gauss extends the gift of constructive criticism on some <br />
mathematical solutions Germain had shared with him — the same gift which<br />
trailblazing feminist Margaret Fuller <a href="https://www.brainpickings.org/2015/06/30/margaret-fuller-thoreau-letter/">bestowed upon Thoreau</a>,<br />
which shaped his career. Although Gauss eventually disengaged from the <br />
exchange, choosing to focus on his scientific work rather than on <br />
correspondence, he remained an admirer of Germain’s genius. He <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3618130?seq=1#fndtn-page_scan_tab_contents" target="_blank">advocated</a><br />
for the University of Gottingen to award her a posthumous honorary <br />
degree, for she had accomplished, despite being a woman and therefore <br />
ineligible for actually attending the University, “something worthwhile <br />
in the most rigorous and abstract of sciences.” <br /><br />
<br />
She was never awarded the degree.<br /><br />
<br />
<figure class="wp-caption aligncenter" id="attachment_59976"><a href="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/9027711356/braipick-20" target="_blank"><img alt="" class="size-full wp-image-59976" height="446" src="https://i0.wp.com/www.brainpickings.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/sophiegermain_fountain.jpg?resize=680%2C473&ssl=1" width="640" /></a><figcaption class="wp-caption-text">Red fish pond in front of the girls’ school named after Germain</figcaption></figure><br />
After the end of their correspondence, Germain heard that the Paris Academy of Sciences had announced a <em>prix extraordinaire</em><br />
— a gold medal valued at 3,000 francs, roughly $600 then or about <br />
$11,000 now — awarded to whoever could explain an exciting new physical <br />
phenomenon scientists had found in the vibration of thin elastic <br />
surfaces. The winning contestant would have to “give the mathematical <br />
theory of the vibration of an elastic surface and to compare the theory <br />
to experimental evidence.” <br /><br />
<br />
The problem appeared so difficult that it discouraged all other <br />
mathematicians except Germain and the esteemed Denis Poisson from <br />
tackling it. But Poisson was elected to the Academy shortly after the <br />
award was announced and therefore had to withdraw from competing. Only <br />
Germain remained willing to brave the problem. She began work on it in <br />
1809 and submitted her paper in the autumn of 1811. Despite being the <br />
only entrant, she lost — the jurors ruled that her proofs were <br />
unconvincing. <br /><br />
<br />
Germain persisted — because no solution had been accepted, the <br />
Academy extended the competition by two years, and she submitted a new <br />
paper, anonymously, in 1813. It was again rejected. She decided to try a<br />
third time and shared her thinking with Poisson, hoping he would <br />
contribute some useful insight. Instead, he borrowed heavily from her <br />
ideas and published his own work on elasticity, giving Germain no <br />
credit. Since he was the editor of the Academy’s journal, his paper was <br />
accepted and printed in 1814.<br /><br />
<br />
Still, Germain persisted. On January 8, 1816, she submitted a third <br />
paper under her own name. Her solution was still imperfect, but the <br />
jurors decided that it was as good as it gets given the complexity of <br />
the problem and awarded her the prize, which made her the first woman to<br />
win an accolade from the Paris Academy of Sciences.<br /><br />
<br />
But even with the prize in tow, Germain was not allowed to attend <br />
lectures at the Academy — the only women permitted to audit were the <br />
wives of members. She decided to self-publish her winning essay, in <br />
large part in order to expose Poisson’s theft and point out errors in <br />
his proof. She went on to do foundational mathematical work on <br />
elasticity, as well as work in philosophy and psychology a century <br />
before the latter was a formal discipline. <a href="https://www.brainpickings.org/2017/01/27/rachel-carson-silent-spring-dorothy-freeman/">Like Rachel Carson</a>,<br />
Germain continued to work as she was dying of breast cancer. A paper <br />
she published shortly before her terminal diagnosis precipitated the <br />
discovery the laws of movement and equilibrium of elastic solids.<br /><br />
<br />
Her unusual life and enduring scientific legacy are discussed in great detail in the biography <a href="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/9027711356/braipick-20" target="_blank"><strong><em>Sophie Germain</em></strong></a>. Complement it with the stories of how Ada Lovelace <a href="https://www.brainpickings.org/2014/12/10/ada-lovelace-walter-isaacson-innovators/">became the world’s first computer programmer</a>, how physicist Lise Meitner <a href="https://www.brainpickings.org/2016/10/27/lise-meitner/">discovered nuclear fission, was denied the Nobel Prize, but led the way for women in science anyway</a>, and how Harvard’s unsung 19th-century female astronomers <a href="https://www.brainpickings.org/2016/12/06/the-glass-universe-dava-sobel/">revolutionized our understanding of the universe decades before women could vote</a>.<br /><br />
<br />
</div><h1 class="underline"><br /></h1>sotirishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02913491613154020052noreply@blogger.com0